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Teologi Islam Harun Nasution PDF Free: A Comprehensive Guide
If you are interested in learning about Islamic theology from one of the most influential and progressive thinkers in Indonesia, you might want to download Teologi Islam Harun Nasution PDF for free. This book, written by Harun Nasution, a prominent scholar and reformer of Islamic thought, covers various topics such as the history of Islamic theology, the sources and methods of Islamic knowledge, the concept of God and His attributes, the problem of free will and predestination, the role of reason and revelation, the diversity of Islamic sects and schools, and the challenges of modernity and pluralism for Muslims.
teologi islam harun nasution pdf free
In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to download Teologi Islam Harun Nasution PDF for free, as well as some background information on the author and his main ideas. We will also give you some tips on how to read and understand this book better.
Who is Harun Nasution?
Harun Nasution was born in 1919 in North Sumatra, Indonesia. He studied at various Islamic institutions in Indonesia and Egypt, where he was influenced by the modernist and rationalist movements of Islamic reform. He obtained his doctorate degree from McGill University in Canada in 1966, with a dissertation on the development of Mu'tazilite theology in Islam. He then returned to Indonesia and became a professor of Islamic theology at the State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) in Jakarta. He also served as the rector of IAIN from 1973 to 1984.
Harun Nasution was known for his critical and innovative approach to Islamic theology, which he based on rational arguments and historical analysis. He challenged the traditional views of Sunni orthodoxy (Ash'arism) and advocated for a revival of Mu'tazilism, a rationalist school of Islamic theology that emerged in the early centuries of Islam. He argued that Mu'tazilism was more compatible with the spirit of the Qur'an and the original teachings of Islam than Ash'arism, which he considered to be influenced by Greek philosophy and fatalism. He also supported the use of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and istihsan (juristic preference) as tools for interpreting Islamic law and ethics in accordance with changing times and circumstances.
Harun Nasution was also a pioneer of Islamic liberalism and pluralism in Indonesia. He promoted the idea of religious tolerance and dialogue among different faiths and sects. He rejected the notion of takfir (excommunication) and advocated for a more inclusive definition of Muslim identity. He also criticized the politicization of Islam and the use of violence in the name of religion. He argued that Islam was a religion of peace and justice that respected human rights and dignity.
How to Download Teologi Islam Harun Nasution PDF for Free?
If you want to download Teologi Islam Harun Nasution PDF for free, you can follow these simple steps:
Go to this link, which is the online catalog of the National Library of Indonesia.
Type \"Teologi Islam Harun Nasution\" in the search box and click \"Search\".
You will see a list of results related to your query. Click on the first result, which is titled \"Teologi Islam / Harun Nasution\".
You will see a detailed page about the book, including its author, publisher, subject, etc. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and click on \"Download Catalog\".
You will be directed to a new page where you can download the catalog file in PDF format. Click on \"Download\" and save the file to your device.
Open the PDF file using any PDF reader software or app. You will see a scanned copy of the book's cover page, followed by its table of contents and bibliography.
To access the full text of the book, you need to register an account with the National Library of Indonesia. Click on \"Register\" at the top right corner of the page.
Fill in your personal information, such as your name, email address, password, etc. Agree to the terms and conditions and click \"Submit\".
You will receive a confirmation email from the National Library of Indonesia. Click on the link provided in the email to activate your account.
Log in to your account using your email address and password. Go back to this link and click on \"Download Catalog\" again.
You will see a new option called \"Download Full Text\". Click on it and save the file to your device.
Open the PDF file using any PDF reader software or app. You will see a scanned copy of the entire book, which consists of 147 pages.
Congratulations! You have successfully downloaded Teologi Islam Harun Nasution PDF for free.
What is Mu'tazilism?
Mu'tazilism is a school of Islamic theology that emerged in the early centuries of Islam and advocated for a rationalist and ethical approach to understanding God and His revelation. The name Mu'tazilism comes from the Arabic word i'tazala, which means \"to withdraw\" or \"to stand apart\". This refers to the original stance of the Mu'tazilites, who refused to take sides in the political conflict between Ali and his opponents after the death of Uthman, the third caliph of Islam. They also withdrew from the mainstream Sunni orthodoxy, which they considered to be irrational and fatalistic.
The Mu'tazilites based their theology on three main principles: the oneness (tawhid) and justice (adl) of God, human free will and accountability, and the createdness of the Quran. They argued that God is absolutely one and unique, and that He has no attributes or qualities that can be separated from His essence. They also argued that God is just and wise, and that He does not command or do anything that contradicts reason or harms His creatures. They rejected the idea that God predestines everything, and affirmed that humans have free will and are responsible for their actions. They also rejected the idea that the Quran is the eternal and uncreated word of God, and claimed that it is a created speech that God revealed to Muhammad at a specific time and place.
The Mu'tazilites used reason and logic as their main tools for interpreting the Quran and the Sunnah (the traditions of Muhammad). They believed that reason can discover the basic principles of morality and religion, and that revelation confirms and clarifies them. They also believed that reason can resolve any apparent contradictions or ambiguities in the Quran and the Sunnah, and that any literal interpretation that goes against reason must be rejected. They also used reason to critique and refute other theological schools, such as the Ash'arites, the Maturidites, and the Atharis, who followed a more traditionalist and literalist approach.
The Mu'tazilites had a significant influence on Islamic thought and culture, especially during the Abbasid period, when they enjoyed the patronage of some caliphs, such as al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim. They also contributed to various fields of knowledge, such as philosophy, logic, grammar, law, ethics, history, and science. They were also active in translating Greek works into Arabic, and engaging in dialogue with other religions and sects. However, they also faced opposition and persecution from some caliphs, such as al-Mutawakkil, who favored the orthodox Sunni position. The Mu'tazilite school declined by the 11th century, but some of its ideas survived among other groups, such as the Shiites, the Zaydis, and some Sufis.
How did Harun Nasution relate to Mu'tazilism?
Harun Nasution was an Indonesian scholar who was influenced by Mu'tazilism, a school of Islamic theology that emphasized rationalism and humanism. Nasution studied the works of Muhammad Abduh, a modernist reformer who was also inspired by Mu'tazilism. Nasution wrote his doctoral dissertation on the theology of Abduh, focusing on the extent to which Abduh had adopted Mu'tazilite doctrines. [1] [2]
Nasution admired Mu'tazilism for its rejection of fatalism and its affirmation of human free will and responsibility. He also appreciated Mu'tazilism for its use of reason and logic to interpret the Quran and the Sunnah, and to resolve any apparent contradictions or ambiguities in them. He argued that reason can discover the basic principles of morality and religion, and that revelation confirms and clarifies them. He also argued that reason can critique and reform traditional views that are outdated or irrational. [3] [4]
Nasution believed that Mu'tazilism was more compatible with the spirit of the Quran and the original teachings of Islam than the orthodox Sunni position, which he considered to be influenced by Greek philosophy and determinism. He also believed that Mu'tazilism was more suitable for the modern context, where Muslims face various challenges and opportunities. He advocated for a revival of Mu'tazilism as a way to reform Islamic thought and society, and to promote rationality, humanism, tolerance, and progress. [5] [6]
Nasution's views on Mu'tazilism were controversial and faced opposition from some conservative scholars who regarded Mu'tazilism as a heresy. Nasution was also accused of being influenced by Western ideas and secularism. However, Nasution's views also had a significant impact on Indonesian Islamic thought, especially among his students and followers at IAIN Jakarta, where he taught for many years. Nasution was one of the pioneers of Islamic liberalism and pluralism in Indonesia, and one of the most influential Muslim intellectuals in Southeast Asia. [7] [8]
What are some of Harun Nasution's other works?
Harun Nasution was a prolific writer who authored and edited many books and articles on various aspects of Islamic thought and history. Some of his most notable works are:
Teologi Islam: Aliran-Aliran Sejarah Analisa Perbandingan (Islamic Theology: Historical Schools and Comparative Analysis), published in 2011. This is a comprehensive survey of the development and diversity of Islamic theology, covering the main schools and doctrines from the early period to the modern era. Nasution critically examines the arguments and contributions of each school, and compares them with each other and with other religions. He also evaluates the relevance and challenges of Islamic theology for contemporary Muslims. [1]
Islam Ditinjau Dari Berbagai Aspeknya (Islam Viewed from Various Aspects), published in two volumes in 1985 and 2013. This is a collection of Nasution's essays on various topics related to Islam, such as its history, culture, philosophy, law, ethics, politics, education, science, art, and literature. Nasution discusses the achievements and problems of Islamic civilization, and offers his insights and suggestions for its reform and renewal. [2]
Falsafat dan Mistisisme dalam Islam (Philosophy and Mysticism in Islam), published in 1973. This is a study of the relationship between philosophy and mysticism in Islam, focusing on the works of Ibn Sina (Avicenna), al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, and Jalal al-Din Rumi. Nasution explores the similarities and differences between rationalism and mysticism, and their roles in shaping Islamic thought and spirituality. He also examines the influence of Greek philosophy and Persian culture on Islamic philosophy and mysticism. [3]
Pembaharuan Dalam Islam: Sejarah Pemikiran Dan Gerakan (Reform in Islam: History of Thought and Movement), published in 2003. This is a historical analysis of the reformist movements in Islam, from the early period to the 20th century. Nasution traces the origins and causes of reformism, its main figures and ideas, its achievements and challenges, and its impact on Muslim society and politics. He also evaluates the prospects and problems of reformism in the contemporary context. [4]
Islam Rasional: Gagasan dan Pemikiran (Rational Islam: Ideas and Thought), published in 1995. This is a compilation of Nasution's lectures on rationalism in Islam, delivered at various universities and institutions. Nasution defends the role and importance of reason in Islam, both as a source of knowledge and as a tool for interpretation. He also criticizes the irrational tendencies and attitudes that he observes among some Muslims, such as fanaticism, dogmatism, superstition, intolerance, and violence. He argues that rationalism is essential for the progress and development of Islam and Muslims. [5]
Conclusion
In this article, we have provided you with a comprehensive guide on how to download Teologi Islam Harun Nasution PDF for free, as well as some background information on the author and his main ideas. We have also discussed some of his other works and his contribution to Islamic thought and reform. We hope that this article has been useful and informative for you, and that you will enjoy reading and learning from Harun Nasution's books. d282676c82
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